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Capital gain on the sale of a business or goodwill

Estimate the capital gain, the 151 septies exemption, the tax due and the net proceeds when selling your business, goodwill or professional activity.

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Taxation of a business sale

Selling your business, goodwill or professional activity most often generates a professional capital gain, i.e. a gain equal to the difference between the sale price and the original value of the asset sold. This capital gain is in principle taxable, but many schemes allow all or part of it to be exempted depending on the type of activity, the level of revenue, the value of the goodwill or the seller's situation (retirement in particular).

Gross capital gain

Sale price − acquisition price (or original value of the goodwill or shares).

Exemption

The 151 septies can wipe out all or part of the capital gain depending on your revenue.

Long-term taxation

Held ≥ 2 years, the net capital gain is taxed here at 30% (12.8% income tax + 17.2% social levies).

The 151 septies exemption

Article 151 septies of the French General Tax Code (CGI) is the most common exemption scheme for sole proprietorships and goodwill. It requires having carried out the activity for at least 5 years. The level of exemption then depends on the average annual revenue over the last two years, according to different thresholds for sales activities and service provision.

Average annual revenueSales / BICServices / BNC
Full exemption< €250,000< €90,000
Partial degressive exemption€250,000 to €350,000€90,000 to €126,000
No 151 septies exemption> €350,000> €126,000

In the partial exemption zone, the exemption rate decreases linearly: the closer revenue gets to the upper threshold, the larger the taxable share of the capital gain. Above the upper threshold, 151 septies no longer applies, but other schemes may take over (238 quindecies, 151 septies A, etc.).

How to reduce the tax

Several levers, often combinable or complementary to one another, help lighten the taxation of a business sale. Implementing them requires precise, early analysis:

  • Article 238 quindecies: exemption based on the value of the goodwill or business branch sold, full up to €500,000 and degressive up to €1,000,000.
  • Article 151 septies A: exemption of the capital gain upon the seller's retirement, subject to conditions of duration and cessation of functions.
  • Holding-period allowances: notably for sales of company shares, with enhanced allowances in some cases.
  • Contribution-sale (150-0 B ter): tax deferral by contributing the shares to a holding company before the sale, subject to reinvestment conditions.
  • Anticipation: the applicable regime often depends on the length of activity and the retirement timetable. Preparing the sale several years in advance is decisive.

This simulator only includes the 151 septies exemption and the 30% long-term regime. It gives an order of magnitude, not a definitive calculation: each scheme is subject to strict conditions that a professional will be able to verify.

Frequently asked questions about business sales

How is the capital gain on the sale of a business calculated?
In its simplest form, the capital gain is the difference between the sale price and the acquisition price (or the original value of the goodwill or shares). If the sale price is lower than the acquisition cost, there is no capital gain but a capital loss. The actual calculation also incorporates the depreciation applied, the short-term / long-term distinction and various adjustments.
What is the article 151 septies exemption?
Article 151 septies of the French General Tax Code (CGI) fully or partially exempts the professional capital gain realised by a sole proprietorship or upon the sale of goodwill, provided the activity has been carried out for at least 5 years. The exemption is full if the average annual revenue is below €250,000 (sales activities / BIC) or €90,000 (service provision / BNC), and becomes partial and degressive above that, up to €350,000 or €126,000.
How is the long-term professional capital gain taxed?
When the asset sold has been held for at least 2 years, the net capital gain (after any exemption) falls under the long-term regime. In this simulator, it is taxed at 12.8% for income tax and 17.2% for social levies, i.e. 30% in total. Short-term capital gains (held less than 2 years) are instead added to the taxable profit and subject to the tax scale.
Does the sale of company shares benefit from 151 septies?
No. Article 151 septies applies to the professional capital gains of sole proprietorships and goodwill. The sale of company shares or stock falls under other regimes (capital gains on securities, holding-period allowance, fixed allowance for retirement departure under article 150-0 D ter, etc.). This simulator therefore does not calculate a 151 septies exemption for a sale of securities.
Are there other exemption schemes when selling a business?
Yes, many schemes coexist: article 238 quindecies (exemption based on the value of the goodwill sold, up to €500,000), article 151 septies A (retirement departure of the seller), holding-period allowances, or the contribution-sale mechanism (article 150-0 B ter). Their application depends on your specific situation and combines or interacts according to complex rules. Support from a tax lawyer or chartered accountant is essential.
Does this simulator replace tax advice?
No. It provides a highly simplified educational estimate, based on a few assumptions (151 septies, 30% long-term regime). It ignores many real parameters (depreciation, short-term capital gain, other exemptions, the seller's personal situation). Before any sale, have a precise calculation drawn up by a professional.

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